What do the financial crisis and U.S. Middle East policy have in common?

Behind the financial crisis was a well-practiced mechanism for concealing risk. The risk was there, and it was constantly growing, but it could be disguised, repackaged and renamed, so that in the end it seemed to have disappeared. Much of the debate about foreign policy in the United States is conducted in the same manner: …

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Inclusion or Exclusion? Islamism in Politics

Martin Kramer, "Inclusion or Exclusion? Islamism in Politics," in An Agenda for Action: The 2002 Doha Conference on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World (Washington: The Saban Center for Middle East Policy at the Brookings Institution, 2003), pp. 41-44. The remarks were originally delivered on October 20, 2002. Posted retroactively at Sandbox. In the title …

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Should America Promote a Liberal, Democratic Middle East?

Martin Kramer, "Can America Promote a Liberal, Democratic Middle East?," in Bush Administration Middle East Policy: A Mid-Term Assessment, 2002 Weinberg Founders Conference, October 4-6, 2002 (Washington, D.C.: The Washington Institute for Near East Policy, 2003), pp. 72-75. Posted retroactively at Sandbox. Can there be a liberal, democratic Middle East? This is very much a …

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Thinking (too) big thoughts about Islamism

Francis Fukuyama (with the help of one Nadav Samin) has produced a think piece for Commentary with the provocative title Can Any Good Come of Radical Islam? It’s interesting primarily as evidence for what happens when a really big reality (like 9/11) collides head-on with a really big idea (like Fukuyama’s "end of history"). Inevitably, …

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